typeof is a unary operator that checks a value and tells you its type (the return value is string type).
var a;
typeof a; // "undefined"
a = "hello world";
typeof a; // "string"
a = 42;
typeof a; // "number"
a = true;
typeof a; // "boolean"
a = null;
typeof a; // "object" -- weird, bug
a = undefined;
typeof a; // "undefined"
a = { b: "c" };
typeof a; // "object"